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Alkaline lysis is the most commonly used method following harvest of bacterial cells for production of plasmid DNA. The method was originally developed for laboratory scale experiments and has shown to be challenging at larger scales. A major problem prior to further downstream processing is the risk of filter clogging without efficient removal of the flocculate that occurs after neutralization. For...
We assessed the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating pregnant women against seasonal influenza in England and Wales, taking into account the timing of vaccination relative to both the influenza season and trimester of pregnancy. Women were assumed to be vaccinated in their second or third trimester. Vaccination between September and December was found to have an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of...
Reduced-antigen-content diphtheria–tetanus–acellular-pertussis (dTpa) vaccines are predominantly recommended for once-in-a-lifetime use. A second dTpa (Boostrix™, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) administration in 164 adults previously vaccinated with dTpa 10 years previously was evaluated. Before the decennial booster, 89.4% and 94.8% subjects were seroprotected (antibodies ≥0.1IU/mL) for diphtheria...
One third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). A vaccine that would prevent progression to TB disease will have a dramatic impact on the global TB burden. We propose that antigens of M.tb that are preferentially expressed during latent infection will be excellent candidates for post-exposure vaccination. We therefore assessed human T cell recognition of two...
We examined the uptake of rotavirus vaccine and its effectiveness in preventing acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in the community. Data on rotavirus vaccines purchases and AGE were extracted from the computerized database of a large health maintenance organization in Israel. The incidence of AGE requiring a physician visit during 2008–09 rotavirus season among vaccinated and non-vaccinated children were...
School-based influenza vaccination campaigns could mitigate the effects of influenza epidemics. A large countywide school-based vaccination campaign was launched in Knox County, Tennessee, in 2005. Assessment of campaign effects requires identification of appropriate control populations. We hypothesized that contiguous counties would share similar pre-campaign patterns of influenza activity.We compared...
The treatment of infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii has become increasingly complicated due to the emergence of highly resistant strains. In the present study we demonstrate that immunization with an inactivated whole cell vaccine elicits a robust antibody response that provides protection against challenge with multiple A. baumannii strains in a murine model of disseminated sepsis. In addition,...
Tumor microenvironment has emerged as one of the major obstacles against the clinical efficacy of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. Tumor-derived IL-6 may inhibit the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells into DCs and suppress DC maturation, rendering DCs tolerogenic. We hypothesized that silencing the IL-6 receptor alpha chain (IL-6Rα) would restore the functional competence of DC vaccines...
Most existing vaccines do not induce protective immunity immediately following birth, nor do they retain protective efficacy in the latter years of life without booster doses. Using a mouse model, we present evidence that a live-replicating vaccine administered only once shortly after birth was able to induce both immediate and lifelong protection. Newborn mice immunized with a safe, highly attenuated...
We reviewed adverse events following receipt of inactivated mouse brain-derived Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine reported to the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 1999 to 2009. During this period, VAERS received 300 adverse event reports following JE vaccination (24 per 100,000 doses distributed); 106 (35%) were classified as hypersensitivity reactions (8.4 per 100,000 doses)...
The control of arthropod vectors of pathogens that affect human and animal health is important for the eradication of vector-borne diseases. Recent evidences showed a reduction in the survival and/or fertility of mosquitoes, sand flies and poultry red mites fed in vitro with antibodies against the recombinant Aedes albopictus akirin. These experiments were the first step toward the development of...
Whooping cough, caused by B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, has increased in incidence throughout much of the developed world since the 1980s despite high vaccine coverage, causing an increased risk of infection in infants who have substantial disease-induced mortality. Duration of immunity and epidemically significant routes of transmission across age groups remain unclear and deserve further investigation...
To determine which factors are predictive of protective antibody against vaccine-preventable diseases in internationally adopted children, we evaluated 562 children with serologic testing for at least one vaccine antigen before receiving a US vaccination. Vaccination status was defined as the number-of-doses recorded and as the presence of an up-to-date and valid record according to the American Academy...
We previously developed a respiratory tract vaccine candidate against Ebola virus (EBOV) based on human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), a respiratory paramyxovirus, expressing the EBOV GP envelope protein (HPIV3/GP) from an added gene. Two doses of this vaccine candidate delivered by the intranasal and intratracheal route protected monkeys against intraperitoneal challenge with EBOV; however,...
Vaccination plays a significant role in the control of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection and spread. Recent studies revealed that type 1b is the predominant BVDV type 1 subgenotype, representing more than 75% of field isolates of BVDV-1. However, nearly all current, commercially available BVDV type 1 vaccines contain BVDV-1a strains. Previous studies have indicated that anti-BVDV sera,...
Correct storage, handling and administration of vaccines are vital components of a successful immunisation programme. However, with the large number of different healthcare professionals now involved in delivering the vaccine programme on a daily basis, it is inevitable that programmatic errors will occur. Decisions as to how best to rectify these errors can be difficult however, as often they are...
Bacterial infections caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) are a serious health care concern that currently cannot be prevented by vaccination. The GAS cell-wall polysaccharide (GAS-PS) is an attractive vaccine candidate due to its constant expression pattern on different bacterial strains and protective properties of anti-GAS-PS antibodies. Here we report for the first time the immunoprotective efficacy...
Previous studies have reported on the development of a recombinant murine cytomegalovirus (rMCMV) containing the mouse zona pellucida 3 (mZP3) gene for use as a virally vectored immunocontraceptive (VVIC). This study aimed to alter promoter control over foreign antigen expression and cellular localisation of the antigen expressed in order to overcome virus attenuation previously encountered. Early...
In this study, the immunity level of the southern Greek population in the 1–10-year, 11–20-year, 21–30-year and 31–40-year age groups with regard to Sabin vaccine strains and a collection of 11 recombinant and three non-recombinant poliovirus vaccine strains was determined. The results showed the lowest neutralization titre in the 21–30-year-age group against poliovirus type 3. Moreover, the capsid...
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